![]() The Tube and rail map usefully shows which railway stations are in which travel zones. ![]() In the north and east of London most of these services are now run by TfL Rail or the Overground so free travel is available to children under 11, but to the south and west of London, services are still dominated by national railways companies. You can still use Oysters and Travelcards on these but those lines run by the national railways only give free travel to children under 5. Not in the centre of London, but in the suburbs you will find a train network called the Overground which can also be thought of as being part of the Underground for ticketing purposes.Ĭommuter trains into the suburbs are very confusing for the visitor. You can treat this network as just another Underground line. To the east of London in the Docklands region you will see a region covered by something called the DLR (Docklands Light Railway). You will rarely have to wait more than 5 minutes for an Underground train at any time of the day. In Central London there is a very good night bus network when the Underground is closed. However on Friday and Saturday nights, much of the Underground runs through the night. The London Underground is closed from around midnight until around 5am, getting started a little later on Sundays. If you have an English National Concessionary bus pass you cannot use it on the London Underground (but you can use it on London's red buses). If you reside in London and are over 60 you can get a pass that makes free bus and Underground travel available. Child fares are available for those under 16 and it is possible to get discounted fares if you are under 18 or studying in London with an ID card. The transport passes that nearly everyone uses, Oyster and Travelcard, allow you to travel seamlessly across all modes of transport, bus, Underground, train and DLR using the same ticket/pass.Ĭhildren under 11 travel free on the London Underground and DLR (Docklands Light Railway) at all times. ![]() The buses, Underground, DLR and London suburban trains are managed by a central government body called Transport for London (TfL) chaired by the Mayor of London. You cannot break a journey on a single fare, once you go though an exit barrier of a station that is journey completed. Your journey starts when you go through the ticket barrier of the station entrance you depart from and finishes when you pass through the ticket barrier at the exit of your destination. In the centre you can pay more than double the price than if you used an Oyster Card for example.Ī single journey on the London Underground can involve 1 or 2 changes of train. The authorities penalise you heavily for buying single journey tickets. © The European Society of Cardiology 2020.It is still encouraged to wear a facemask when using public transport in London, but it is no longer mandatory. Keep Your Move in the Tube, a novel patient-oriented movement protocol, has potential for cardiac surgery patients to be more confident and comfortable in their recovery.Ĭardiac surgery sternal precautions sternotomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age, body mass index, and female sex were associated with greater functional impairment over time, but no difference between standard sternal precautions and Keep Your Move in the Tube groups. This difference was minimized however, by week 12. Univariate analysis revealed the standard sternal precautions group had lesser ability to return to functional activities than the Keep Your Move in the Tube group (p<0.0001) over time. The majority of participants (77% in each group) were male and had coronary artery bypass graft surgery (66% standard sternal precautions and 72% Keep Your Move in the Tube). Outcomes were measured at day 7, as well as weeks 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Patients were followed in person or by telephone over a period of 12-weeks postoperatively. To compare return to function, pain/discomfort, wound healing, use of pain medication and antibiotics, and post-operative length of hospital stay in cardiac surgery patients having median sternotomy who used standard sternal precautions or Keep Your Move in the Tube movement protocols post-operatively.Ī quasi-experimental design was used (100 standard sternal precautions and 100 Keep Your Move in the Tube patients). Patients are asked to use "standard sternal precautions," restricting their arm movement, and thereby limiting stress on the healing sternum. Traditionally, physical movement has been limited for cardiac surgery patients, up to 12-weeks post-operatively.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |